Canadian privacy & access decisions

The complainant alleged that Transport Canada failed to conduct a reasonable search for records in response to an access request concerning communications between Transport Canada and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) related to Class D operation with a single engine helicopter. Initially, Transport Canada located only two pages. During the OIC's investigation, Transport Canada conducted additional searches, identifying approximately 690 more responsive pages. While the institution argued that consultations with the RCMP would take at least six months, the Commissioner found that a reasonable search had ultimately been conducted. However, the Commissioner ordered Transport Canada to process these additional records and provide a new response to the complainant within 60 business days, emphasizing that the institution bears ultimate responsibility for ensuring consultations do not unduly delay access. The complaint was found to be well founded.

• Whether Transport Canada conducted a reasonable search for records
• Whether the consultation process with the RCMP unduly delayed access

The OPC investigated a complaint against Google regarding its search engine displaying outdated media articles about the Complainant's HIV status and a stayed criminal charge when their name was searched. The Complainant alleged these articles caused significant harm, including physical assault and lost employment, and sought their de-listing from name-based search results. The OPC's jurisdiction over Google's search engine under PIPEDA was affirmed by the Federal Court and Federal Court of Appeal, rejecting Google's claims of non-commercial activity and journalistic exemption. The OPC found Google did not contravene Principle 4.6 (accuracy), as its responsibility was for the search results accurately reflecting linked content, not the content itself. However, the OPC concluded that Google contravened subsection 5(3) (appropriate purposes), determining that the significant harms to the Complainant's safety and dignity outweighed the limited public interest in the articles remaining linked to their name. The OPC recommended Google de-list the articles from searches for the Complainant's name, balancing privacy rights with freedom of expression. Google declined to implement this recommendation, stating it required further court guidance on the "right to de-listing" and Charter implications. Consequently, the complaint was found well-founded and unresolved regarding subsection 5(3), and not well-founded for the accuracy issue.

• Whether PIPEDA applies to Google's search engine service as a commercial activity within the meaning of paragraph 4(1)(a) of PIPEDA
• Whether the operation of Google’s search engine service is excluded from the application of Part 1 of PIPEDA by virtue of paragraph 4(2)(c) of PIPEDA because it involves the collection, use or disclosure of personal information for journalistic, artistic or literary purposes and for no other purpose
• Whether Google is contravening Accuracy requirements under Principle 4.6 of Schedule 1 of PIPEDA by continuing to display the search results in response to searches for the Complainant’s name
• Whether Google is contravening subsection 5(3) of PIPEDA by continuing to display the search results in response to searches for the Complainant’s name, considering whether the purposes are appropriate in the circumstances
• Whether the accessibility of information in response to a search for the Complainant's name causes significant harm to the Complainant
• Whether the significant harm to the Complainant outweighs the public interest in the search results remaining available through Google's search engine by searching the Complainant's name
• Whether Google collected, used, or disclosed personal information without consent under Principles 4.3.4 and 4.3.8 of Schedule 1 of PIPEDA (OPC declined to address)

The complainant alleged that the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) improperly withheld the number of paid subscribers to its Gem streaming service under section 68.1 and paragraph 18(b) of the Access to Information Act. The Commissioner found that while the information related to CBC's programming activities, it also related to its general administration, thereby engaging the exception to the section 68.1 exclusion. Consequently, section 68.1 did not apply. Regarding paragraph 18(b), the Commissioner determined that CBC failed to demonstrate a reasonable expectation of harm to its competitive position or interference with negotiations, beyond a mere possibility. The Commissioner concluded that neither exemption applied and ordered CBC to disclose the information. CBC, however, notified the Commissioner that it would not implement the order, leading to a well-founded complaint.

• Whether the information relates to CBC's journalistic, creative or programming activities under s.68.1 ATIA
• Whether the information relates to CBC's general administration, engaging the exception to s.68.1 ATIA
• Whether s.68.1 ATIA applies when information relates to both programming activities and general administration
• Whether disclosure could reasonably be expected to harm CBC's competitive position under s.18(b) ATIA
• Whether disclosure could reasonably be expected to interfere with CBC's negotiations under s.18(b) ATIA
• Whether the CRTC's non-publication of subscriber figures supports CBC's claim of harm under s.18(b) ATIA