Canadian privacy & access decisions

A representative, on behalf of a deceased member's estate executor, requested personal information from the Department of National Defence (DND) related to an investigation into allegations against the deceased. DND processed the request informally and disclosed some information under subparagraph 8(2)(m)(i) of the Privacy Act, but did not explicitly state its refusal to process the request formally under paragraph 10(b) of the Privacy Regulations. The OPC investigated whether the representative was entitled to make the request for the purpose of administering the estate. The OPC found that while the representative was authorized to administer the estate, they did not sufficiently demonstrate a connection between the requested information and the administration of the estate. Therefore, the complaint was not well-founded, as the representative failed to meet the requirements of paragraph 10(b) of the Regulations.

• Whether the representative was authorized to make a request on behalf of the deceased under paragraph 10(b) of the Regulations
• Whether the request related only to the administration of the deceased's estate under paragraph 10(b) of the Regulations
• Whether DND complied with section 16 of the Privacy Act regarding refusal notifications
• Whether DND properly processed the request informally without explicit written consent and notification of rights

The complainant alleged that Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada (CIRNAC) failed to conduct a reasonable search for records in response to an access request for Canada's School Narratives and supporting documents related to the Independent Assessment Process. CIRNAC officials acknowledged the existence of responsive records but refused to process them, citing confidentiality, the extensive time required (12 months), and existing priorities. They also expressed concerns about potential privacy violations and breaches of undertakings if the records were processed. The Information Commissioner found CIRNAC's refusal to process the records unacceptable, concluding that the institution denied the complainant's right of access. The Commissioner ordered CIRNAC to retrieve all responsive records, process them, and provide a complete response to the request within 60 business days. CIRNAC subsequently agreed to implement the order.

• Whether Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada conducted a reasonable search for records
• Whether the institution's refusal to process identified records constitutes a denial of the right of access

The complainant alleged that National Defence (DND) failed to conduct a reasonable search for records related to a selection process for a Steward/Command Master Sailor to the Commander of the Royal Canadian Navy. Initially, DND tasked two program areas, which reported no relevant records. The OIC, based on complainant representations, requested DND re-task these areas with specific keywords and task five named individuals. DND's subsequent search was incomplete, failing to task all individuals and use the correct date range, though it did yield seven pages of emails. Despite DND's claims of having provided all records, the OIC found that more records existed and DND had not provided a supplementary disclosure. The Commissioner concluded that DND had not conducted a reasonable search and ordered it to complete the retrieval of all responsive records, including tasking specified individuals, and to provide a new response within 36 business days.

• Whether National Defence conducted a reasonable search for records
• Whether all relevant Offices of Primary Interest were tasked
• Whether taskings included all pertinent keywords
• Whether all specified individuals were tasked
• Whether the correct date range was used in searches

The complainant alleged that Indigenous Services Canada (ISC) failed to conduct a reasonable search for records related to the Non-Insured Health Benefits Mental Health Counselling benefit. Specifically, the request sought information on a "detailed review" of service delivery, proposals for community mental wellness projects, and a "risk-based review" for financial controls, all referenced in an ISC briefing note. ISC initially claimed the "detailed review" was verbal and found no records for parts 2 and 3 of the request. The Office of the Information Commissioner (OIC) found this response unreasonable, noting that the reference in an official briefing note implied the existence of responsive documentation. Following the OIC's intervention, ISC conducted additional searches, which yielded at least 170 pages of previously unlocated documents. The Commissioner concluded that ISC had not conducted a reasonable search and ordered the institution to complete the retrieval and processing of all responsive records and issue a new response to the complainant. ISC agreed to implement the order.

• Whether Indigenous Services Canada conducted a reasonable search for records related to the "detailed review" of Non-Insured Health Benefits Mental Health Counselling benefit service delivery
• Whether Indigenous Services Canada conducted a reasonable search for records related to proposals to fund community mental wellness projects outside of Benefits Program authorities
• Whether Indigenous Services Canada conducted a reasonable search for records related to the "risk-based review to improve financial controls and management practices across all regions" for the mental health benefit

The complainant alleged that Health Canada improperly withheld information under various sections of the Access to Information Act concerning records related to Dukoral. During the investigation, the complainant narrowed the scope, no longer requiring investigation into personal information or information about the production process or composition of Dukoral. The Commissioner found that Health Canada and the third party (Valneva) did not adequately demonstrate that all information withheld under paragraphs 20(1)(b) and 20(1)(c) met the exemption requirements, particularly regarding confidentiality and reasonable expectation of harm. Similarly, certain information withheld under paragraph 21(1)(a) was found not to constitute advice or recommendations. However, the institution successfully demonstrated that information withheld under section 23 (solicitor-client privilege) was properly exempted. The Commissioner ordered Health Canada to disclose specific information previously withheld under paragraphs 20(1)(b), 20(1)(c), and 21(1)(a). Health Canada agreed to implement the order, and the complaint was found to be well founded.

• Whether s.19(1) personal information exemption was properly applied (withdrawn by complainant)
• Whether s.20(1)(b) confidential third-party financial, commercial, scientific or technical information exemption was properly applied
• Whether the information was financial, commercial, scientific or technical
• Whether the information was confidential (not publicly available, reasonable expectation of confidence, relationship fostered for public benefit)
• Whether the information was supplied by a third party
• Whether the information was consistently treated as confidential by the third party
• Whether s.20(1)(c) financial impact on a third party exemption was properly applied
• Whether disclosure could result in material financial loss or gain to the third party
• Whether there is a reasonable expectation of harm (well beyond a mere possibility)
• Whether disclosure could injure the competitive position of the third party
• Whether Health Canada reasonably exercised its discretion under s.20(5) and s.20(6)
• Whether s.21(1)(a) advice or recommendations exemption was properly applied
• Whether the information constitutes advice or recommendations
• Whether the information was created by or for a government institution or minister
• Whether Health Canada reasonably exercised its discretion under s.21(1)(a)
• Whether s.23 solicitor-client privilege exemption was properly applied
• Whether the information consists of communication between a lawyer/notary and client for legal advice
• Whether the parties intended the communication to remain confidential
• Whether Health Canada reasonably exercised its discretion under s.23

The Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada (OPC) investigated a complaint against Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) regarding a privacy breach. IRCC inadvertently disclosed the personal information of 497 individuals when sending mass email notifications for a work permit extension program. An employee failed to apply a filter to the email address column in an Excel spreadsheet, causing email addresses to misalign with other personal data, leading to notifications being sent to incorrect recipients. The OPC found that IRCC contravened section 8 of the Privacy Act by disclosing personal information without a permissible purpose and that its prevention measures were insufficient. While IRCC's mitigation efforts, including notifying affected individuals, were deemed adequate, the OPC recommended implementing robust procedural and administrative controls. IRCC accepted these recommendations, committing to measures such as a 'two pairs of eyes' rule, updated operating procedures, and data quality assurance checks. Consequently, the OPC considered the matter resolved.

• Whether IRCC's disclosure of personal information to unintended recipients contravened section 8 of the Privacy Act.
• Whether IRCC had sufficient measures in place to prevent unauthorized disclosures of personal information of this nature.
• Whether IRCC's response to mitigate the impact of the breach on affected individuals was adequate.

The complainant alleged that Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada (CIRNAC) failed to conduct a reasonable search for records related to the Wood Mountain (Lakota) First Nation's land claim from 2000 to 2020. Initially, CIRNAC provided records only from 2017 onwards, claiming no earlier records could be located. The OIC's investigation highlighted the absence of records from key periods, specifically 2009-2012 when the claim was first submitted and rejected, and 2014-2016 when the First Nation filed with the Specific Claims Tribunal. After the OIC's persistent questioning and research, CIRNAC conducted subsequent searches and located additional responsive records. The Information Commissioner concluded that CIRNAC had not conducted a reasonable search and ordered the institution to retrieve and process all newly identified records and issue a new response to the complainant.

• Whether Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada conducted a reasonable search for records

An institution applied to the Information Commissioner under subsection 6.1(1) of the Access to Information Act, seeking approval to decline to act on five access requests. The institution argued that these requests were vexatious and an abuse of the right to make a request. The Commissioner found that the institution successfully demonstrated that two of the five requests (A-2023-00305 and A-2023-00314) constituted an abuse of the right to make a request, and therefore approved the institution's request to decline to act on these two. However, the Commissioner determined that the institution did not establish that the remaining three requests (A-2023-00303, A-2023-00308, and A-2023-00310) were vexatious or an abuse of the right. Consequently, the application was partially granted.

• Whether access request A-2023-00305 is an abuse of the right of access
• Whether access request A-2023-00314 is an abuse of the right of access
• Whether access request A-2023-00303 is vexatious or an abuse of the right of access
• Whether access request A-2023-00308 is vexatious or an abuse of the right of access
• Whether access request A-2023-00310 is vexatious or an abuse of the right of access

A federal institution submitted an application to the Information Commissioner under subsection 6.1(1) of the Access to Information Act, seeking approval to decline to act on an access request. The institution argued that the request constituted an abuse of the right to make a request. The Commissioner reviewed the institution's submission and found that the institution successfully established that the access request was indeed an abuse of the right to make a request. Consequently, the Commissioner determined that the circumstances warranted granting approval for the institution to decline to act on the request. The application was therefore granted, allowing the institution to refuse processing the access request.

• Whether the access request constituted an abuse of the right to make a request under s.6.1(1) ATIA
• Whether the circumstances warrant granting approval for the institution to decline to act on the request